What else could it be? Many reversible conditions could present similar to dementia.
When Mrs. Y, an 82-year-old woman previously described as “sharp as a tack” experienced sudden irritability, nighttime confusion and disorientation, concerns of dementia quickly surfaced. However, a careful evaluation revealed that she may actually be suffering from something else.
Many conditions can mimic dementia, and a broad differential diagnosis is essential. With a thorough history, physical and mental exam, along with basic lab tests, many of these conditions can be accurately identified and managed.
Common Reversible Causes of Dementia-Like Symptoms
Some of the most surprising causes of dementia-like symptoms are actually quite common. Head trauma from a fall can result in confusion or memory issues due to concussion or internal bleeding. A condition called normal pressure hydrocephalus, caused by excess fluid in the brain, can lead to walking problems, memory loss and incontinence, but can often be treated surgically.
In some cases, what seems like memory loss is actually rooted in hearing or vision impairments. When people can’t properly engage with the world around them, they may seem forgetful or withdrawn. Treating these sensory issues can lead to marked improvements in mental clarity.
Heart and lung conditions can be detrimental to the brain, reducing the steady supply of oxygen needed to function properly. Likewise, when the liver, thyroid or kidneys aren’t working properly, toxins can build up in the body. This occurs in conditions such as low thyroid or uncontrolled diabetes — affecting focus, memory and overall sharpness.
Infections are another common but often overlooked cause of cognitive changes. Older adults, particularly women, are more susceptible to urinary tract infections (UTIs), which can trigger sudden delirium and a sharp decline in mental clarity. Other infections, like Lyme disease, don’t always present as suddenly, but they can still affect brain function if left untreated. Cognitive changes can stem from other sources that disrupt the body’s balance over time. Exposure to toxic substances like heavy metals can interfere with mental clarity. The good news: Infections, hormone imbalances and toxic exposures can often be detected through routine bloodwork and effectively treated, offering a clear path toward restoring cognitive health.
Our patient, Mrs Y, was quickly diagnosed with a urinary tract infection and was treated with antibiotics. She recovered her common sense, there were no more nightmares and sleepless nights; she was back to her sweet self.
We are experts in the early detection, diagnosis and treatment of all forms of mild cognitive impairment and dementia. If symptoms are treated early, fast recovery is possible. We don’t believe that normal aging has to come with cognitive impairment.
Our team, composed of a neurologist, internal medicine physician and psychiatrist, along with a specialized blood laboratory and technicians who perform a battery of cognitive tests, will help accurately diagnose and create the most efficient treatment plan.
The world has become more conscious of dementia, so visit us to get the best care available today. Whether it’s dementia, or something reversible, we’re here to help.
Call our Englewood office at (201) 947-4777, or go to the memorycenter.org for more information. We accept Medicare, all Medicare Advantage plans and commercial insurances.
Dr. Jeff Shenfeld is the director of The Memory Center of Englewood.
