לעילוי נשמת

יואל אפרים בן אברהם עוזיאל זלצמן ז”ל

Question: In my shul (I am the rabbi), on the Shabbat after Simchat Torah, the gabbai switched the mantels (sefer Torah covers) of our five sifrei Torah from the white, Tishrei ones to the regular ones between Mincha and Maariv of Motzei Shabbat. Was that a problem of hachana?

Answer: The Rambam (Shabbat 23:7) says that washing dishes is forbidden (based on Shabbat 118a) because it is “like fixing” the dishes, but since it is forbidden only if done for use after Shabbat, it must be based on hachana, which tells us about how the Rambam defines it. The Raavad (ad loc.) argues that it is forbidden because he is toiling on Shabbat for a weekday.

The halachot of hachana are elusive, because several Gemarot and accepted rulings of Rishonim seem to ignore it. There are opinions that only “transformative” actions (seemingly following the Rambam’s approach) or more taxing activities (seemingly following the Raavad’s) (see the development of Eliya Rabba’s (308:8) thesis in Pri Eliezer III, page 616) or actions that finish a process (see Chayei Adam II, 153:6) are included. While in cases with lenient characteristics and/or need, poskim entertain leniencies (see ibid.; Mishna Berura 667:5), in general, we apply hachana expansively, following the Magen Avraham (667:3), who forbade even bringing wine for Havdalah on Shabbat.

If changing mantels had halachic rules, it might impact your question. For example, if it needed to be done by the next leining, we could compare it to rolling a sefer Torah on Shabbat to the right place for the upcoming Yom Tov’s leining, which most poskim forbid (Mishna Berura 667:5). However, we have not found such halachot and don’t believe they exist. Rather, people (some more than others) like to be “on the right page” chronologically. The shul looks unprofessional if the chagim and/or Yamim Noraim adornments are still around much thereafter and for some gabbaim and/or shuls, doing it promptly is significant as a matter of pride.

We can now compare it to a different case. Although it is forbidden to make a bed on Shabbat to sleep in it on Motzei Shabbat (Shabbat 113a), it is permitted to straighten it out so that it is aesthetically appropriate according to the household’s Shabbat standards (Magen Avraham 302:6; Mishna Berura 302:19). Poskim presume the same is true even if it is more significant for him as preparation for sleep that night.

On the other hand, there seems to be a proof—from the halacha (see above) not to wash dishes on Shabbat after one finished his last meal—that to permit potential hachana based on Shabbat, that benefit must be quite significant (at least in comparison to the weekday benefit). One can ask: Besides having utensils for the next meal, don’t people prefer not having dirty dishes around their kitchen?! Apparently, in comparison to the positive benefit of having clean dishes, not having dirty dishes around is not halachically significant.

Here, it would not seem to be significant to have the “right” mantels on at this point. On the other hand, it is not really significant later either, as it does not have to be done by the next leining, and being “on the right page” ostensibly applies on Shabbat too. However, this argument appears incorrect. The aesthetic or pride element exists at all only when the aron kodesh is open, as otherwise the mantels should not be on anyone’s mind. Therefore, one could change all of the mantels before Mincha even though the shul is going to read from only one sefer, because the gabbai has a reasonable interest in having the right look when the aron is open. However, after Mincha, there is no real benefit.

It is difficult to claim the action of switching the mantels does not fall under the realm of hachana. It is not trivial in terms of time/effort, there was no special need, and it was clearly for after Shabbat. While the switching might be less transformative for the sifrei Torah than washing is for dishes, at least, the great majority of poskim would forbid it.

Rabbi Mann is a dayan for Eretz Hemdah and a staff member of Yeshiva University’s Gruss Kollel in Israel. He is a senior member of the Eretz Hemdah responder staff, editor of Hemdat Yamim and the author of “Living the Halachic Process Volumes 1 and 2” and “A Glimpse of Greatness.”