Part II Why did the British support the establishment of a Jewish state? Historian Isaiah Friedman said that in 1908, Winston Churchill, then colonial under-secretary,

Part I On November 2,1917, British Foreign Secretary Lord Arthur James Balfour sent a letter to Lord Lionel Walter Rothschild, a leader of the British

Part VIII By 1900, Palestine was home to nearly 600,000 inhabitants according to historian Kenneth W. Stein. The population was overwhelmingly Arab Muslim, but also

Part VII At the end of the 19th century, Palestine was a small area far from the heart of Europe but governed by the consulates

Part VI Palestinian Jews suffered discrimination and persecution from both Muslims and Christians. In a May 25, 1839 letter to Viscount Palmerston, British State Secretary

Part V During the Jewish Diaspora, Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel notes, Palestine never became a state for another people. For centuries, far-away caliphs controlled the

Part IV This economic prosperity the Jews enjoyed in Safed in the mid-16th century did not last long, notes historian Aryeh Morgenstern. Toward the end

Part III By 1211, sizable numbers of Torah scholars from Europe and North Africa immigrated to Palestine, historian Aryeh Morgenstern noted. Called the “aliyah of

Part II In the early years of Islam, Jerusalem was called IIiya, with Muslims using the name even in the 10th century, notes historian Moshe

Part I From the destruction of the Second Commonwealth by the Romans in 70 CE until the establishment of the modern state of Israel in

For the Germans, WWII was perceived as a fight for survival. As historian Saul Friedländer noted, Jews were viewed as seeking to destroy the nations

Part X A Final Note Without the “prior deprivations, ostracism and institutionalized plunder of the German Jews—in full view and with the increasing approval and