One evening in early November a few years ago we were having dinner and the name “Santa Claus” came up (I think we were speaking about differences between Chanukah and Christmas). My then 12-year-old son Elie said, “Who’s Santa Claus?” Despite the immediate questioning of Elie’s intelligence provided gratis by his sister Rebecca (“Oh come on, are you for real?”), I realized that it was perfectly understandable that Elie had no idea who Santa Claus was. Elie arrived in Israel at the age of 2, and since then he had been back in the States only twice (and both trips were during summertime). Still, it was a bit of a shock for me since we are American Israelis, and it seems that I cannot remember a time in my life when I did not recognize the name “Santa Claus.”
Elie did not know about Santa Claus because Elie lives in a country without a Christian majority culture. (I wonder: Is there a person reading this column whose child or grandchild does not know who Santa Claus is?) In America, Jews are cognizant of major Christian holidays and traditions. This is fine and only natural given the dominance of Christian culture in America.
In Israel, Jews don’t have to measure themselves against a different religious culture. Indeed, religious Zionism’s dream was that in a country where Judaism is the majority culture, Judaism can grow and thrive in ways unimaginable in the Diaspora. This dream, however, has been put on hold. A major reason for this is an unusual interplay between secular and haredi Israelis concerning religion, the result of which prevents Judaism from contributing to the life of a modern state. On the part of the haredim, they are not interested in what religion can contribute to general culture because they are not interested in general culture. Their main focus is on punctilious observance of the Sabbath and of the kosher laws. A huge effort in Israeli culture is thus made towards seeing to it that the state’s apparatus functions in accord with stringent haredi demands concerning the Sabbath and kashrut, and as long as these demands are indeed kept stringently, the haredi are content. The secular populace, for its part, is content to keep religion confined to ritual observances. They would rather preserve the status quo (even though it gives the haredi disproportional power in certain political situations), rather than consider what Judaism has to say about such wider societal issues as the environment, animal rights, organ transplantation, and nuclear proliferation.
Will the national religious camp be able to make good on its dream of a vibrant Judaism in the Jewish state, a Judaism that speaks to and addresses all issues of society? I’m not sure. During my first year here (1997–1998), I sat in on a theology seminar given by Rabbi David Hartman (of blessed memory) at the Shalom Hartman Institute, one of the national religious camp’s leading educational beacons. I remember Rabbi Hartman pounding on the table and saying: “Thirty years ago when I made aliyah [he moved here from Montreal in 1971], I thought that in Israel there was finally going to be an opportunity for Judaism to embrace all of life. But I was a complete idiot! Because what did I discover–that the religious here are concerned mainly with pas akum [the Jewish legal issue concerning bread that is made by gentiles].”
The truth is that in Israel we have not yet fully exercised our religious freedom. We have the luxury of living in the world’s only Jewish-majority culture, where a child can grow up without having heard of Santa Claus, but what have we done with this freedom? Answer so far: Not enough. When, for example, Judaism is associated with a massive campaign against road fatalities on Israel’s highways–instead of with protests against construction on the Sabbath of those highways–then we will have realized the State of Israel of which Rabbi Hartman dreamed.
Copyright 2014
By Teddy Weinberger
